facts about sophocles

Sophocles was known for developing his characters much more than earlier playwrights. Antigone decides to bury his body and face the consequences of her actions. He was known during the. In 413 BCE he sat on the ten-man council (the probouloi) which was convened to deal with the crisis of Athens' failed Sicilian expedition against Syracuse. In one of his last plays, Oedipus at Colonus, he still affectionately praises both his own birthplace and the great city itself. The Greek tragedian Sophocles (496-406 B.C.) Name: Euripides. These are Oedipus Rex, Oedipus at Colonus, and Antigone. Sophocles is credited with about 20 first prizes in drama contests. A practical man, he firmly distances himself from the tragic aspirations of Oedipus and his line. In the world of Greek theater, Sophocles was king. He was born a few years before the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC, however, the exact year is unclear. The meaning of the name is, as in the case of the masculine equivalent Antigonus, "worthy of one's parents" or "in place of one's . Besides tragedies, Sophocles composed paeans, elegies, epigrams, and a work in prose on the chorus. But all eternity to love the dead." - Sophocles, 'Antigone'. His father, Sophillus, was a wealthy weapons-maker and a leading citizen. (1348-1353, the final lines of Antigone). When Oedipus, in despair at the fate which had driven him to murder his father, and commit incest . 8. As per Greek mythology, trag-odia songs, wearing drama masks and costumes, and a dance routine . This order reflects the chronology of Sophocles' life, as well as the chronological order in which the three plays were written. This character becomes famous because of, Isaac Newton facts give the valuable information about one of the famous scientists in the world. World History Encyclopedia. He went on to write more than 120 plays but only seven of them have survived in their entirety. His plays are still performed and read today, over two thousand years after his death. Man is able to overcome all kinds of obstacles and is able to be inventive and creative, but he is mortal and therefore limited. 16 Interesting And Amazing Facts About Avondale, Newfoundland And Labrador, Canada, 30 Interesting And Amazing Facts About Marysville, Washington, United States, 10 Fascinating And Awesome Facts About South Prairie, Washington, United States, 15 Interesting And Fun Facts About Napa, California, United States, 20 Interesting And Amazing Facts About National City, California, United States, 15 Interesting And Fascinating Facts About Needles, California, United States, 15 Interesting And Amazing Facts About Nevada City, California, United States, 15 Amazing And Interesting Facts About Newark, California, United States. Athenaios reported that Sophocles loved boys like Euripides loved women. Sophocles won first prize at the Festival of Dionysus 18 times, frequently over such competitors as Aeschylus and Euripides. Creon once suggests how "[a person] cannot judge unless [one] know the facts" (Sophocles 515) when he is the one being accused by Oedipus. "Oedipus the King" (Gr: "Oidipous Tyrannos"; Lat: "Oedipus Rex") is a tragedy by the ancient Greek playwright Sophocles, first performed in about 429 BCE. Plato. His first artistic triumph was in 468 BC, when he took first prize in the Dionysia theater competition over the reigning master of Athenian drama, Aeschylus. In that era, Sophocles, Euripides, and Aristophanes laid the foundation of ancient Greek drama. The play tells the story of Oedipus, a man who unwittingly murders his father and marries his mother. Perhaps Sophocles' greatest achievement is his enduring popularity as a dramatist. The word "theater" comes from the Greek word "theatron", which means "seeing place." The masks allowed for one actor to play different roles in the same play. {"@context": "https://schema.org","@type": "FAQPage","mainEntity":[{"@type": "Question", "name": "What Is Sophocles Best Known For? World History Publishing is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. It is not easy to find out the birth date of Sophocles. If you want to know one of the three ancient Greek tragedians, check Sophocles Facts. His most popular plays also known as the Theban Plays are Oedipus and Antigone. Expert solutions. In Greek mythology, Antigone (/ n t n i / ann-TIG--nee; Ancient Greek: ) is the daughter of Oedipus and either his mother Jocasta or, in another variation of the myth, Euryganeia.She is a sister of Polynices, Eteocles, and Ismene. He is one of the three Greek writers of tragedy (the other two being Aeschylus and Euripides) whose works have survived till this day. Indepth Facts: Setting (time) All three plays are set in the mythical past of ancient Greece. Birth City: Athens. World History Encyclopedia, 29 Sep 2013. Submitted by Mark Cartwright, published on 29 September 2013. World History Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. If so, then Sophocles' first dramatic success had a very personal significance. 2. For example, Creon accuses the soldier of taking bribe and not following his order. In this tragedy, Antigone is the daughter of Oedipus the former king of Thebes who brought about his own destruction by unknowingly killing his father and marrying his mother Jocasta. It had previously been permissible for two actors to double (i.e., assume other roles during a play), but the addition of a third actor onstage enabled the dramatist both to increase the number of his characters and widen the variety of their interactions. In the play, Antigone goes against the king’s orders and buries her brother Polynices, even though he is a traitor. This was the convention of tragedy (tragida), and the familiarity of the story and setting to the audience allowed the writer to focus on specific elements and interpret them in a novel way. He is considered one of the three great tragedians of classical Athens, along with Aeschylus and Euripides. One of the most influential figures in ancient philosophy, Plato, was born somewhere around 428 BC or 423 BC in Athens. It was used to celebrate the triumph that the Greeks had at the Battle of Salamis for they defeated the Persians. Sophocles is one of three ancient Greek tragedians, at least one of whose plays has survived in full. Many people choose to read the plays of the Oedipus Trilogy in the chronological order of the story Oedipus the King, Oedipus at Colonus, Antigone while others prefer the order in which Sophocles wrote them Antigone, Oedipus the King, Oedipus at Colonus. Removing #book# . Sophocles, the son of Sophilus, was a wealthy member of a rural community of Hippeiois Colonus in Attica, which was to become a setting for one of his plays. These are Oedipus Rex, Oedipus at Colonus, and Antigone.. Sophocles won perhaps as many as 24 victories, compared to 13 for Aeschylus and four for Euripides, and indeed he may have never received lower than second place in the competitions he entered. The Complete Plays of Sophocles: A New Translation, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. When he's not writing or spending time with his family, David enjoys playing basketball and golfing. His father was a highly educated person. The most famous Greek playwrights were Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, and Aristophanes. "}}, {"@type": "Question", "name": "In What Order Should I Read Sophocles? That ultimately, one must accept one's fate: Chorus In addition, Sophocles' innovations in theatre presentation would provide the foundations for all future western dramatic performance, and his plays continue to be performed today in theatres around the world. But that more optimal . Both birth and wealth, then, set Sophocles apart as someone likely to play an important role in Athenian society. In Oedipus the King, Oedipus is the main character. In Antigone (440 B.C. 2. Sophocles was one of the three great Greek tragedians. Oedipus Rex was one of three plays that Sophocles, a Greek dramatist, penned on the Oedipus myth. Oedipus meets a man at a crossroads accompanied by servants; Oedipus and the man fight, and Oedipus kills the man. Sophocles was an ancient Greek tragedian who wrote more than 120 plays during his life. For ancient Greeks engaging with such [] His plays were known for their strong character development, use of a third actor, and reduced reliance on the Chorus. Take a look below for 25 more interesting and awesome facts about Sophocles. He was born at Colonus, a village outside the walls of Athens, where his father . He was born in a rural community of Attica in roughly 497/496 BC to a wealthy family. 21. Singers who recomposed myths in performance and audience members who interact with singers could draw upon shared traditions, themes, and language that resonated with associations and meanings developed over centuries of performer and group interaction. Throughout this mythic story of patricide and incest, Sophocles emphasizes the irony of a man determined to track down, expose, and punish an assassin, who turns out to be himself. He has the five elements that make him the tragic hero . He served in the military as a young man, and later became a politician. Based on the information provided by Suda, a 10th century encyclopedia, Sophocles wrote 123 plays during his lifetime, out of which only seven have survived in a complete form. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sophocles, Ancient Origins - Sophocles: Archetypal Master of Greek Tragedy, Perseus Digital Library - A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology - So'phocles, Sophocles - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Flashcards. The Three Theban Plays: Antigone; Oedipus the King; Oedipus at Colonus, Sophocles I: Antigone, Oedipus the King, Oedipus at Colonus. This however has produced some inconsistencies in his work. Sophocles was an ancient Greek poet and one of three ancient Greek tragedians whose plays have survived. Best Known For: Euripides was one of the great Athenian playwrights and poets of ancient . Sophocles’ plays are known for ther complex characters, powerful emotions, and moral dilemmas. In the winter of 406 or 405, Sophocles passed away. These innovations helped to shape the future of drama, making it more focused on plot and character than earlier forms of theatre. He died that same year. Trackers, a satyr play, exists only as a 400-line fragment. We are lucky to have The Knights, The Frogs, The Wasps , Lysistrata . Setting (place) Antigone and Oedipus the King are set in Thebes, Oedipus at Colonus in Colonus (near Athens). The fact that his works are studied today, approximately 2,400 years after they were written, is a testament to the power of his words and the impact those stories have on current culture. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. Sophocles works are still performed today and have been adapted for film, television, and stage. One son sued him when Sophocles reached his 90s to force him to hand over his estate. Cartwright, Mark. Sophocles wrote over 120 plays during his lifetime, but only seven have survived to the present day. Sophocles Lesson Plan. The great words of boasters are always punished with great blows, and as they grow old teach them wisdom. Sophocles was wealthy from birth, highly educated, noted for his grace and charm, on easy terms with the leading families, a personal friend of prominent statesmen, and in many ways fortunate to have died before the final surrender of Athens to Sparta in 404. ","acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer","text": "According to Aristotle, a Greek tragedy must follow three rules: unity of action, unity of place, and unity of time. One story suggested that he strained while trying to recite a long sentence from Antigone and didn't pause to breathe and died as a result. He is one of three Greek tragedians whose plays have lived on. His play Electra (418-414 B.C.E), the character Electra is waiting for her brother, Orestes. In 468 BC, Sophocles won his first victory in Dionysian drama competition where he got the first prize.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'myinterestingfacts_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_9',116,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-myinterestingfacts_com-large-leaderboard-2-0'); Sophocles led a choral chant to a god or a paean in 480 BC. His seven extant tragedies are Philoctetes, Ajax, Electra, Trachiniae (Women of Trachis), and the Oedipal Trilogy (also known as the Oedipal Cycle) consisting of Oedipus Tyrannus (Oedipus the King), Oedipus at Colonus, and Antigone. Originally produced around 445 B.C., Ajax tells the story of the legendary Trojan War hero who is driven mad by the vengeful goddess Athena. Sophocles was the younger contemporary of Aeschylus and the older contemporary of Euripides. His exact date of birth is unclear. As with other Greek plays, Sophocles' work is not only a record of Greek theatre but also provides an invaluable insight into many of the political and social aspects of ancient Greece, from family relations to details of Greek religion. Sophocles used it as the setting in his drama. 1. The people assume that he was born in 497 or 496 for he was born before the battle of Marathon in 490 BC.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'myinterestingfacts_com-banner-1','ezslot_7',114,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-myinterestingfacts_com-banner-1-0'); Sophocles was not from a poor family. He was very religious. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. "Sophocles." A theme that runs through Sophocles' work is right battling against right and that the characters are mistaken in their interpretation of events. Modern civilization owes a lot to ancient Greece, as it helped establish many foundations of . This began a career of unparalleled success and longevity. When the truth comes out, Jocasta commits suicide, Oedipus blinds himself and leaves Thebes, and the children are left to sort out the consequences themselves (see the later parts of the cycle of plays). She believes that it is her duty to bury him according to religious law, even though it goes against the king’s orders. There, he found refuge at the royal court of King Ptolemy I Soter, who ruled Egypt between 323 and 285 BCE. ","acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer","text": "Sophocles wrote the play Antigone to discuss the conflict between religious law and civil law. However, modern scholars are skeptical of this etymology."}}]}. The Tragedies of Sophocles combines two volumes into one. Aristophanes is the earliest comic playwright, or at least the earliest whose work has survived so that we can read it. 15. The most famous is the suggestion that he died from the strain of trying to recite a long sentence from his Antigone without pausing to take a breath. Learn. Sophocles himself received a good education. Another typical feature is that amongst the principal characters, there is usually a hero figure with exceptional abilities whose over-confidence and pride ensure a tragic ending. He was married twice and had tree sons, two of whom also became playwrights. His second wife was Theoris with whom he had one son who was called Ariston. The Myth of Dionysus. Sophocles wrote the play Antigone to discuss the conflict between religious law and civil law. He saw in his life many great times and events including the Greek victory in the Persian Wars and the Peloponnesian War. The use of three actors (playing multiple roles and wearing masks) was a major breakthrough as now much more sophisticated plots became possible. Oedipus's parents bounded his feet together and sent him away. Of his eight plays (seven full, one fragmented) that remain today, his most famous is Oedipus the King (Oedipus Rex), which is known for its impressive construction and use of dramatic devices. Birth Year: 485. He is known for his works such as Oedipus the King, Antigone, and Electra. Sophocles was inspired by human nature and its welfare as we can see from his line in Antigone: Many are the wonders of the world, says Sophocles, but none is more wonderful than man.. Sophocles, (born c. 496 bce, Colonus, near Athens [Greece]died 406, Athens), with Aeschylus and Euripides, one of classical Athenss three great tragic playwrights. He believed that fate was something that couldn't be changed and that people should accept what was going to happen. Greg Heffley facts are very useful for people who love to read novel. 20. Sophocles was the second of the three greatest Ancient Greek writers of tragedies, the others were Aeschylus and Euripides. But discussing inefficiencies and difficulties doesn't automatically translate to grumbling, but can be constructive and even strengthen bonds. Mexicos Courageous Stand in the Battle of Puebla. 5. Year after year, Sophocles' tragedies gained recognition as among the best dramas written at a time when competition was at its highest. Sophocles served as a treasurer of Athens in 443 BC during Pericles political ascendancy. Participating schools perform and His father, Sophilus, was a rich member of a small community, the rural Deme. Everything You Need to Know About the Beaglier! ), Sophocles dramatizes a tragic conflict between human and divine law in the story of Oedipus' daughter and King Creon. Sophocles was a master of tragic drama, especially in his characterizations. The last-mentioned play was produced in the spring of 440 B.C.E. The plays of Sophocles, like those of his contemporaries, drew on classic tales of Greek mythology. Before the deaths of Oedipus and his sons, he dedicated himself to art patronage but has now surrendered himself entirely to the throne. Sophocles' seven surviving complete tragedies are: Below is a selection of extracts from Sophocles' work: Chorus Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/sophocles/. He is considered one of the three great tragedians of classical Athens, along with Aeschylus and Euripides. Sophocles's interest in human welfare is best shown in this famous quotation. This page was last modified on 6 February 2023, at 06:05. His father manufactured armour and Sophocles was very well educated growing up. These historical events are relevant because some of the play's central issues are the appropriate use of power by the state, the possibility of justifiable rebellion, and the duties of citizens to obey . Unity of time means that the action should take place over the couse of one day. Sophoclean dramas typically focus on a few characters and highlight their determined natures and strong qualities which, eventually, lead them to tragedy. Running a website with millions of readers every month is expensive. 17. Come, cease your lament and do not arouse it more! Only the plays of three ancient Greek tragedians, including Sophocles, Aeschylus, and Euripides have survived. Historical Context of Oedipus Rex. Instead, the three tragedies represent separate dramas on related subjects. ; the Oedipus at Colonus was not put on the stage until 401 B.C.E., after his death, by his grandson Sophocles. FactSnippet No. CliffsNotes study guides are written by real teachers and professors, so no matter what you're studying, CliffsNotes can ease your homework headaches and help you score high on exams. Some people believe that he was born in Colonus Hippies in Attica. Electra (440 B.C.) Aeschylus won 13 competitions, and was sometimes defeated by Sophocles, while Euripides won 4 competitions. 19. As late as 1907, a papyrus with several hundred lines of a Sophoclean play called The Ichneutae turned up in Egypt. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Oedipus the King (430 B.C. Sophocles wrote over 120 plays during the course of his. ","acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer","text": "Sophocles tragedy is a genre of Greek drama that includes works by Sophocles. Subjects. According to Aristotle, a Greek tragedy must follow three rules: unity of action, unity of place, and unity of time. Sophocles was one of the most celebrated and renowned playwrights of ancient Greece. His first competition entry was in 468 BCE and his last (whilst still alive) was in 406 BCE when he was 90. Thus the stage is set for horrors. Sophocles won his first victory at the Dionysian dramatic festival in 468, however, defeating the great Aeschylus in the process. Rich language, highly formalised but with flexibility added by running over sentences and including segments of more 'natural' speech, and the unusual use of pauses result in Sophocles achieving a greater rhythm, fluidity, and dramatic tension than his contemporaries. Sophocles was a Greek playwright who was born in Colonus, Attica in 496 BC. At this time, three playwrights would each present a tetralogy four tragedies as well as a "satyr play," a kind of short, rough comedy on three successive days. The son of Sophilus, a well-to-do industrialist, Sophocles was born in Colonus near Athens and grew up in the most brilliant intellectual period of Athens. Kindergarten Graduation: Celebrating a Milestone! "}}, {"@type": "Question", "name": "Who Inspired Sophocles? Sophocles was an ancient Greek playwright, born in Colonus near Athens, Greece in 496 B.C.E. His seven extant tragedies are Philoctetes, Ajax, Electra, Trachiniae (Women of Trachis), and the Oedipal Trilogy (also known as the Oedipal Cycle) consisting of Oedipus Tyrannus (Oedipus the King), Oedipus at Colonus, and Antigone. But for now, Sophocles' modern reputation rests on the seven surviving plays: Ajax, Antigone, Electra, Oedipus the King, The Trachinae, Philoctetes, and Oedipus at Colonus. His tragic women are probably his most outstanding charactersElectra, Antigone, Deianeira, and others. For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. He also came second many times and never had the ignominy of being voted third and last in competitions. Sophocles was, therefore, at least in terms of victories, the most successful of the three great tragedians. Sophocles language responds flexibly to the dramatic needs of the moment; it can be ponderously weighty or swift-moving, emotionally intense or easygoing, highly decorative or perfectly plain and simple. Cite This Work Early in his career Sophocles even acted in his own plays, but due to a weak voice he settled into the role of writer only. Sophocles is one of three ancient Greek tragedians whose plays have survived. Matthew Stein Ms. Worrall Lit AP 23 September 2015 Ten Facts about Oedipus Rex 1. at Colonus, a village just outside Athens, Greece. 14. Head of Sophocles. A forbidden act is committed in innocence, and the consequences follow remorselessly. (1095-1100, Philoctetes). In Oedipus at Colonus, the banished Oedipus and his daughters Antigone and Ismene arrive at the town of Colonus where they encounter Theseus, King of Athens. Creon. ; Afrikaans; Alemannisch; ; Aragons; ; Asturianu; Azrbaycanca; ; ; Bn-lm-g Sophocles Facts. This achievement foreshadowed the leadership role Sophocles would have in society, both as an active member of the government and as an influence on Greek arts. He flees to avoid his fate. These are Ajax, Antigone, The Women of Trachis, Oedipus the King, Electra, Philoctetes and Oedipus at Colonus. at Colonus, a village just outside Athens, Greece. The scope of the dramatic conflict was thereby extended, plots could be more fluid, and situations could be more complex. According to the Suda, a 10 th century Byzantine encyclopaedia and dictionary of the ancient Mediterranean world, Sophocles wrote a total of 123 plays. 6. Unity of place means that the action should take place in one location. Sophocles was elected as one of 10 generals in 441 BC, and served in the campaign against Samos. Ancient authorities credit Sophocles with several major and minor dramatic innovations. Oddly enough his greatest work, Oedipus Rex, only won second place. A eulogy written by a poet in a play called The Muses: Blessed is Sophocles, who had a long life, was a man both happy and talented, and the writer of many good tragedies; and he ended his life well without suffering any misfortune., 10 Best Science Fiction Books Of All Time, Top 10 Greatest Romance Authors of All Time, 10 Famous Science Fiction Authors You Must Be Reading, 10 Influential Black Authors You Should Read, 16 Stimulating WorkPlaces of Famous Authors. Sophocles wrote over 120 plays during the course of his life, but only seven have survived in a complete form: Ajax, Antigone, The Women of Trachis, Oedipus Rex, Electra, Philoctetes and Oediups At Colonus. The plays were often performed again in lesser theatres around Greece, and the best were even distributed in written form for public reading, kept as official state documents for posterity, and studied as part of the standard Greek education. "}}, {"@type": "Question", "name": "What Did Sophocles Believe? Education. Last modified September 29, 2013. Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Our mission is to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. We know that Sophocles was a pious individual and actually a priest in the hero cult of Halon. Sophocles (497 BC, 496 BC, or 495 BC 406 BC) was an Ancient Greek writer who wrote 123 plays, according to the Suda. In total, Sophocles wrote 123 dramas for the festivals. He was also elected as a member of the Board of Generals more than once. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). In 441 BC, he was elected one of the ten generals, executive officials at Athens, as a junior colleague of Pericles, and he served in the Athenian campaign against Samos. He wrote over 100 plays and was one of the three famous Greek tragedians (along with Aeschylus and Euripides). He is credited with diverging from the typical format of a tragedy: he increased the number of speaking actors, increased the number of chorus members, and used painted scenery. "}}, {"@type": "Question", "name": "What Are Sophocles Three Most Famous Plays? His work continues to influence theatre and literature around the world, making him one of the most important figures in the history of both art forms. Sophocles wrote over 120 plays during his lifetime, but only . In fact, at age 15, he won the great honor of leading the boys' chorus in the victory paean (joyful song) celebrating the Athenian naval victory over the Persians at the battle of Salamis. In 468 BC Sophocles won first prize in a theatre competition. The third actor was introduced by Sophocles in his dramas. ranks foremost among Greek classical dramatists and has been called the poet of Greek humanism par excellence. 2. He competed in dramatic festivals, where he defeated Aeschylus to win his first . The prize itself is not known, although it was probably money and a symbol of some sort; but the true glory of winning first place was the approval of the Athenian public. He was considered as the most important playwright for almost 50 years. He also thought that the gods had a plan for everything and that it was important to follow their will. He made the chorus less important to present the plot of the drama. We have eleven of Aristophanes' plays, but he is thought to have written more than forty. bookmarked pages associated with this title. Her suicide triggers the suicide of two others close to King Creon: his son, Haemon, who was to wed Antigone, and his wife who commits suicide after losing her only surviving son. It's likely that managers who say, " bring me solutions, not problems " dodge complaints and criticism to avoid time-consuming conflicts and tiresome tension. The typical Sophoclean drama presents a few characters, impressive in their determination and power and possessing a few strongly drawn qualities or faults that combine with a particular set of circumstances to lead them inevitably to a tragic fate. The son of Sophilus, a well-to-do industrialist, Sophocles was born in Colonus near Athens and grew up in the most brilliant intellectual period of Athens. 13. Sophocles also is renowned for his use of tragic irony and extended metaphor. Sophilus was the son of Sophocles. However, modern scholars are skeptical of this etymology. License. It is you, whose fate is grievous, who have chosen this; this fortune has not come to you from one more powerful; for when it was possible to show good sense, you chose to approve the worse, rather than the better fate. 22. Additionally, this order allows readers to see the development of Sophocles’ writing style over time. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. He took part in competitions and even won over the two popular playwrights Aeschylus and Euripides. Copyright 2020 Tons Of Facts. Sophocles died aged 90 years old in 406 BCE. Introduction to Sophocles Antigone Ancient Greek poetry and myth is complex and inherently multiform. He is known best for what he wrote about Oedipus, the mythological figure who proved central to Freud and the history of psychoanalysis.

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