bantu expansion genocide

I understand if you do not want to answer this question especially since this video is white supremacy propaganda. The economic suffering of the German people that followed, and the rise of nationalism that this set in motion, created ideal circumstances for a merchant and banking class to attract the attention of a disposed population. In the 1840s, Ireland existed as part of Great Britain and Ireland, and as such, it was ruled directly from London by the British Government. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. This ideological aversion soon extended to ethnic Vietnamese, Chinese, Thais, Christians, Muslims and Buddhists, and indeed anyone at all perceived in any way to be an enemy of the revolution. I'd imagine it's the same way. In Killing Fields set up all over the country, confessions were solicited by torture, and execution immediately. 32 Photographs of Porajmos, the World War II Romani Gypsy Genocide, Heartbreaking Images of the Rwandan Genocide, Most Blood-Soaked African Battles and Conflicts. The indigenous population of the territory comprised dispersed agricultural and pastoral communities belonging to the two major indigenous population groups in southern Africa. 10010, with the primary authorities cited on p. 176. The Bantu expansion is a hypothesis about the history of the major series of migrations of the original Proto-Bantu-speaking group,[3][4] which spread from an original nucleus around Central Africa across much of sub-Saharan Africa. If your institution is not listed or you cannot sign in to your institutions website, please contact your librarian or administrator. From anti-Semitic pogroms to attacks against the Cossack minority, and numerous deportations and mass imprisonments, the history of the Soviet Union is replete with genocide. The Bantu Expansion: Some facts and fiction | Language Dispersal This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account. The institutional subscription may not cover the content that you are trying to access. 2002). Rape and slavery was common practice among the Bantu colonists. Nonetheless, in the unfathomable complexity of the Anglo-Irish relationship, there are no small number of historians who point the finger at the British government, not so much for acts of commission, but acts of omission. The military government solicited the aid of the United States, and a heavy-handed US response included a massive bombing during 1973, killing some 300,000 people. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. Genocide obviously never sits well on the national conscience of any country, and so the finer points of definition are usually argued exhaustively. Was the Great Irish Famine genocide? In 1884, it was agreed among European powers that all expansion into Africa would be by treaty with local, indigenous authority. Other unreliable ethnic groups, such as Greeks and Assyrians, were also sucked into the maelstrom, and are now subject to separate genocide classifications. As heirs to the old Mughal Empire, traditional Muslim leaders enjoyed an influence not particularly congruent with their numbers. In his Twitter profile he had academic historian but doesnt have a PhD. It is connected with complex population movements starting north of Central Africa and led to the progressive colonisation of a vast area further south. How can you have a Cracka, talking about African History?? hasContentIssue true, Copyright Cambridge University Press 1966. Was the Bantu expansion or migration a genocide? - Quora The dominance of Bantu-speaking people is evident in their movement and control over the areas they encountered. The early stages of migration were slow. To feed the growing industrial centers of the Soviet Union, the entire grain harvest of 1933 was confiscated, leaving local peasant populations with almost nothing to feed themselves. Zulu Warriors in full Battle Regalia Source: i.imgur.com. The impact of the Bantu Expansion has stood the test of time it continues to influence the demographics, language, and culture of the continent today. 7 Fagan, Brian, Southern Africa (1965), 46.Google Scholar, 8 Cf. fall into the classification of genocide. However, this estimated expansion time could represent an underestimation and may simply show the expansion of a subset of the diversity within haplogroup R1b1* to west Central Africa through the Bantu expansion, having been shown to be especially frequent in northern Cameroon, near the putative Bantu expansion origin (Cruciani et al. Notable early kingdoms include the Kingdom of the Kongo in present day Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Bunyoro Kitara Kingdom in the Great Lakes region, the Kingdom of Mapungubwe (c.1075c.1220) in present day South Africa, and the Zambezi River, where the Monomatapa kings built the Great Zimbabwe complex. The Partition of India is such a case, and while Hindu/Muslim sectarianism lies at the heart of the debate, there is also the question of whether the British washed their hands of India, and walked away knowing that genocide was inevitable. Numerous similar crop failures, both in Ireland and elsewhere, had occurred at various times, but without the same catastrophic effect. This began its extreme animus towards the west, a sentiment reinforced by the overspill of the Vietnam War. Access to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. Granted, there was defo some conflict between the Bantu and Hunter-Gatherers (as well Nilotic and Cushitic pastoralists) but that doesn't mean there was a genocide. The name of the country was changed in 1976 to Democratic Kampuchea, and Pol Pot, or Brother Number One, declared the day of victory Year Zero as he set about building his Utopian republic. The Bantu Expansion the migration of Bantu-speaking people across the African continent is one of Ancient historys largest migrations. The problem lay in a historical predominance of Muslims within the Indian political process. A boundary commission, sponsored by the British government, attempted to divide India along Hindu and Muslim lines. The Bantu Expansion: How Bantu People Changed Sub-Saharan Africa That child, a boy, was given the name Shaka, a pejorative reference to an intestinal parasite. Another stream settled in the central areas of modern Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola, and Zambia, initiating a complete population replacement of the native African Pygmies who previously inhabited the area. . [16] The majority of the groups of the Bamenda highlands (occupied for 2 millennia to date), somewhat south and contiguous with the Mambilla region, have an ancient history of descent from the north in the direction of the Mambilla region. Same reason we don't call the Indo European migrations a genocide. Guerrilla warfare played a huge role in World War II. They subsequently rebelled, attracting a violent response from the Germans. These migrants changed population demographics, spread farming across sub-equatorial Africa, introduced iron technology, and built powerful states that continue to influence the African continent today. As we approach the top of the list, the Cambodian Genocide, the infamous Killing Fields of the 1790s, ranks very highly. At the time, the attention of the world tended to be focused on the events of WWI. [18] From Cameroon, agricultural Proto-Bantu peoples began to migrate, and amid migration, diverged into East Bantu peoples (e.g., Democratic Republic of Congo) and West Bantu peoples (e.g. That shows sexual migratory activity not genocide. During that bitter period of modern Irish history between 1845 and 1849 approximately 1 million people died, and a million more emigrated. Bantu Genocide | Alternative History | Fandom 10 of the Most Heinous and Heartbreaking Genocides in History The majority of sub-Saharan Africans speak one or more Bantu languages and modern African states are heavily affected by their Bantu-migrant predecessors. This response quickly escalated to orchestrated genocide, and was extended beyond the Herero to the neighboring Namaqua people, who were of Khoisan origin, and the San, or Bushmen as well. In its simplest terms, the Herero, a Bantu people, in one of many internecine conflicts, required German protection and did not get it. Your email address will not be published. Bambuti, also called Mbuti, a group of Pygmies of the Ituri Forest of eastern Congo (Kinshasa). 18091. The migrants settled in three primary areas. But the Zulu race itself was not innocent of genocide. The Russians, of course, be it in WWI or WWII, always did big numbers, but this certainly was a big one. Between 1.5 and 3 million Cambodians died, or were killed by the regime. They subsequently rebelled, attracting a violent response from the Germans. Recognition is not universal, however, and a number of important countries support Turkey in this issue. Other academic opinion tends to point to a typically dogmatic refusal on the part of the British government to acknowledge a failed policy. Between 1782-1783, a similar crop failure occurred in Ireland, but on that occasion, the British government responded by closing all Irish ports. Here, conditions of physical abuse, disease, exhaustion, and starvation began to claim the lives of hundreds of thousands of people. Starving Herero Tribesmen Source: Wikimedia. Initially, archaeologists believed that they could find archaeological similarities in the region's ancient cultures that the Bantu-speakers were held to have traversed. The debate has never been so much the classification of the event as genocide, although that is, of course, debatable. Their two-metre-long assegais were no match for the Zulus' iKlwa, and they died in their hundreds. Render date: 2023-03-04T14:32:22.407Z The Israeli historian and scholar Yehuda Bauer, in probably the most frequent declaration on why it happened, proclaimed that the Holocaust was rooted in an illusionary world of Nazi imagination, where an international Jewish conspiracy to control the world was opposed to a parallel Aryan quest. However, Simon Webb/History Debunked is a bad faith actor, he cherry picks a lot of his info and he's clearly spreading false history. Did the Bantu mainly kill of the existing populations during - Quora [35] Such processes of state-formation occurred with increasing frequency from the 16th century onward. However, the climate-induced destruction of this rainforest in 1000BCE propelled the next stage of migration forward at a rapid pace. Genetic and Demographic Implications of the Bantu Expansion: Insights Also known as the Bantu conquest of Africa - 2,000 Years of Bantu supremacy, racism, conquest, genocide, rape, war, cannibalism and colonisation. The Bantu languages, a closely-knit family of 440 to 680 languages (depending on how one distinguishes between a language and a dialect), are spoken across the southern third of the African continent, from the boundary between modern day Nigeria and Cameroon in the west, to southern Somali in the east, and as far south as the Cape. As is often the case with hotly debated issues, certain factoids bearing little relation to factual evidence emerge. It was this policy in the end that is credited with saving Ireland from the worst possible consequences of crop failure. This empire was one of the most powerful in African History and left an indelible mark on modern-day South Africa. Under the rule of both Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin, numerous document examples of unnatural mass deaths have been recorded. A few still live by foraging often supplemented by working for neighbouring farmers in the arid regions around the Kalahari desert, while a larger number of Nama continue their traditional subsistence by raising livestock in Namibia and adjacent South Africa. His Impis, or regiments, were relentless and unstoppable. Much of this vocabulary is botanical, deals with honey collecting, or is otherwise specialised for the forest and is shared between western Batwa groups. [30], It is clear that there were human populations in the region at the time of the expansion, and pygmies are their closest living relatives. In South Africa, however, a more complex intermixing could have taken place.[31]. 277.Google Scholar, 20 Oliver, R., Discernible developments in the interior, c. 15001840, in R. Oliver and G. Mathew, History of East Africa, I (1963), 194204.Google Scholar, 21 The position in April 1965 was summarized by Dr Brian Fagan in an unpublished paper entitled Iron Age radiocarbon dates in sub-Saharan Africa, presented to the African History Seminar at the School of Oriental and African Studies.Google Scholar, 22 Fagan, Brian, Southern Africa, 949.Google Scholar. From anti-Semitic pogroms to attacks against the Cossack minority, and numerous deportations and mass imprisonments, the history of the Soviet Union is replete with genocide. The Bantu Expansion stands for the concurrent dispersal of Bantu languages and Bantu-speaking people from an ancestral homeland situated in the Grassfields region in the borderland between current-day Nigeria and Cameroon. By the end of the day the Ndwandwe force, although it still outnumbered Shaka's, was in full retreat. The genetic legacy of western Bantu migrations - PubMed The Twa spend part of the year in the otherwise uninhabited region hunting game, trading for agricultural products with the farmers while they do so. The phenomenon was known as the Mfecane, or Difaqane, or the Scattering. The large-scale expansion of fairly recent language families is one of the reasons for this comparatively low diversity. [29] The western branch, not necessarily linguistically distinct, according to Christopher Ehret, followed the coast and the major rivers of the Congo system southward, reaching central Angola by around 500BC. The position in April 1965 was summarized by Dr Brian Fagan in an unpublished paper entitled Iron Age radiocarbon dates in sub-Saharan Africa, presented to the African History Seminar at the School of Oriental and African Studies. In 2004, Somali Bantus from this group began arriving for permanent resettlement in the U.S. Acts of genocide are normally committed by state agents, for example by soldiers in the employ of the national military or by militias who have the support of those who hold state power. Herding practices reached the far south several centuries before Bantu-speaking migrants did. In 1884, it was agreed among European powers that all expansion into Africa would be by treaty with local, indigenous authority. In all probability, however, this was genocide, because it could not have been done without the expectation that death on a mass scale would be the result. For a year, the Ndwandwe licked their wounds. cit. affected amongst others the western part of the Congo . 23 Ibid. Bambuti | Pygmy groups | Britannica Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Do not use an Oxford Academic personal account. What followed was an extreme Maoist, Marxist-Leninist movement in Cambodia, and an extreme, and inexplicable antipathy towards intellectuals and professionals. These include sultanates based at Lamu, Mombasa, Kilwa, Pate and Malindi. Murdock, G. P., Africa: Its Peoples and their Culture History (New York), 2901.Google Scholar, 10 Greenberg, J. H., Studies in African Linguistic Classification (New Haven, 1955), 40.Google Scholar, 12 Guthrie, Malcolm, Some developments in the pre-history of the Bantu languages, Journal of African History, III (1962), 27382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar, 13 From Mr Bernard Fagg's layer 3 at Taruga, containing iron slag and Nok figurines. The Ottoman Empire allied with the Central Powers during WWI, and, of course, the German defeat in that war brought the Ottoman Empire down with it. The discussion concludes that the Bantu phenomenon is best understood as a colonisation, migration, expansion, dispersal, or diffusion. 32 Photographs of Porajmos, the World War II Romani Gypsy Genocide, Heartbreaking Images of the Rwandan Genocide, Most Blood-Soaked African Battles and Conflicts. Notes on some early pottery cultures in North Katanga, The spread of food production in sub-Saharan Africa. Armenian Deportees in 1915 Source inserbia.info. Doctors, teachers, monks, journalists, the wealthy, artists, anyone with an education and ethnic or religious minorities were all singled out for arbitrary execution. It remains a livid international issue, however, and one upon which Turkeys entry into the European Union has traditionally been hinged. The definition of genocide is fluid enough for it to be very easily claimed, and no less easily rejected. I forgot which one, but it was some South African ethnic group that was slaughtered in huge numbers by the Dutch. The hypothesized Bantu expansion pushed out or assimilated the hunter-forager proto-Khoisan, who had formerly inhabited Southern Africa. 21128. The result was imperfect, of course, but it created the map of the Indian sub-continent that we now recognize today. A personal account can be used to get email alerts, save searches, purchase content, and activate subscriptions.